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- $Unique_ID{BRK00874}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Is There a Substance Known as a "Tumor Marker"?}
- $Subject{cancers tumors tumor markers Special Procedures procedure Laboratory
- lab Tests test cancerous carcinoembryonic antigen CEA carcinoma neoplasm
- neoplasms cancer lung breast ovary pancreas heavy smokers inflammatory bowel
- liver disease metastases alpha-fetoprotein AFP}
- $Volume{P-0, B-0}
- $Log{}
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- Copyright (c) 1991-92,1993 Tribune Media Services, Inc.
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- Is There a Substance Known as a "Tumor Marker"?
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- QUESTION: Is there a substance known as a "tumor marker"? I am intrigued by
- the idea and would like to know how they might work.
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- ANSWER: Researchers had once hoped to find that tumor cells produced certain
- unique substances not made by normal cells. If these substances could be
- detected in the blood or urine with a simple test, mass screening would be
- possible to diagnose cancerous tumors in their earliest stages, when treatment
- could be most effective.
- Unfortunately, such clearly defined markers have not been found.
- Although some tumor cells do produce substances, other cells or certain
- conditions also cause these same substances to be present. For instance,
- carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was once thought to be a marker for colon
- cancer, but it's also present with cancer of the lung, breast, ovary, and
- pancreas. And the levels of CEA are elevated in heavy smokers and patients
- with inflammatory bowel or liver disease, so it's not useful for screening
- large numbers of people for these types of cancer.
- What CEA and other tumor markers can do, however, is to help doctors
- establish a specific diagnosis. The presence and amounts of a tumor marker
- can also be used to follow the response of a tumor to therapy and to detect
- the occurrence of metastases (the spread of cancer cells to other locations in
- the body from the original tumor site).
- Tumor markers can also be helpful when screening a high-risk population
- for a certain type of cancer. Because those persons are more likely to have a
- certain type of cancer, the presence of the tumor marker is a more accurate
- indication that cancer cells exist.
- For instance, measuring levels of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in the general
- population isn't a very accurate way to detect early liver cancer. But
- measuring AFP in patients with cirrhosis of the liver, a group in which the
- prevalence of liver cancer is 25 percent, is a useful tool.
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- The material contained here is "FOR INFORMATION ONLY" and should not replace
- the counsel and advice of your personal physician. Promptly consulting your
- doctor is the best path to a quick and successful resolution of any medical
- problem.
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